Integration

Goldhaber (2000) proposes that integrating all three lenses will put researchers in a position to understand better the human condition. He says that Pepper seemed contradictory when he first insisted the philosophical models are mutually exclusive, then took a stand for "reasonable eclecticism in practice" (Pepper, 1942, 1970, p. 330). However, Pepper (1970) actually proposed that each of these theories offered "relatively adequate world theories," which together provide a more accurate perspective than one could provide by itself. Calling this varied perspective "post-rational eclecticism" (p. 330), Pepper said:

If there is some difference of judgment, we shall wish to make our decision with all these modes of evidence in mind, just as we should make any other decision where the evidence is conflicting. In this way we should be a judgment in the most reasonable way possible—not dogmatically following only one line of evidence, not perversely ignoring evidence, but sensible acting on all the evidence available (pp. 330-331).